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- NATION, Page 25Is the Flood of Soviet Jews Drying Up?
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- Anatoli Nemov speaks with all the soul of a Russian artist
- when he talks about emigrating to Israel. "I will always feel
- drawn there," says the 37-year-old Moscow actor, "but I couldn't
- climb with all my soul into that life. My language is Russian. My
- culture is Russian. I am a person of art. I cannot create art
- in such conditions. Our creativity doesn't exist there."
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- So, unlike his relatives and friends, Nemov will remain
- behind. He is one of a growing number of Jews who are choosing
- not to join the 310,000 of their brethren who have moved to
- Israel since Mikhail Gorbachev relaxed the restrictions on
- emigration in 1989. They know that at home the winter promises
- only hardship and that the rise of nationalist groups could
- revive harsh anti-Semitism. But they also see around them the
- signs of renewal for Soviet Jewry -- the gradual reopening of
- Jewish schools and cultural centers, the increasing attendance
- at synagogues -- and a new push for democracy in the aftermath
- of last month's failed coup. "I am a member of the Russian
- intelligentsia," says Nemov, "and my place is here."
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- Tens of thousands of Soviet Jews have canceled or
- postponed their departure. Of the 300,000 expected to emigrate
- this year, only 112,000 have already done so. One reason is
- Saddam Hussein's missile war against Israel during the Persian
- Gulf conflict. But beyond that, these Soviet Jews heard from
- friends and relatives in Israel of the desperate housing and job
- shortages, the families doubled up in hotel rooms and
- mobile-home camps. Soviet engineers, doctors and musicians find
- themselves working as janitors, construction workers and
- gas-station attendants in Israel; roughly 40% are unemployed,
- compared with 11% of the country's total work force.
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- Israeli officials insist that the slowdown is temporary
- and that they still expect an additional 1 million Soviet Jews
- to resettle in Israel between now and 1996. For a country of
- 4.8 million to plan to absorb such numbers represents a massive
- commitment to economic and social expansion. The roughly $9,000
- that the government grants to Soviet families in the first year
- cannot sustain them for long, and without private and foreign
- investment there will be too few jobs for them to fill. SATEC, a
- Jerusalem-based high-tech firm founded to capitalize on the
- contributions of Soviet immigrants, employs 45 people and
- receives 1,200 resumes a year. "We're able to choose the best
- people because so many apply," says spokeswoman Sami Oberlander.
- "Many of those who work for us have family still looking for
- jobs, or who want to come to Israel but are waiting until the
- job situation improves."
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- Those Soviets who seek to retrieve their Jewish heritage,
- or who view Israel as the Holy Land where destiny draws them,
- will come regardless of what hardship awaits. But others, in
- search only of a better life, may find little to choose between
- the Soviet Union and Israel. Their dream most often lies in
- America. But the United States will admit only 50,000 Soviets
- this year, which still leaves many of the country's Jews
- wondering where on earth to go.
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- By Nancy Gibbs. Reported by Ann M. Simmons/Moscow and
- Robert Slater/Jerusalem
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